Daphnia magna Essays

Daphnia magna Essays Daphnia magna Paper Daphnia magna Paper This chapter provides an overview of the biology of waterless of the genus Daphnia. It describes basic aspects of Individual physiology and nutrition, Including some remarks about Immunity. It summarizes the typical life cycle and development of Daphnia. The modes of reproduction and the induction of resting egg production in cyclic and obligate parthenogenesis forms are discussed. Finally, population biological aspects, such as behavioral ecology, habitat preferences, population genetics, and population dynamics, are introduced. Go to: Introduction The following introduction summarizes the key aspects of the natural history of the genus Daphnia. It is far from exhaustive. Because much of the biology has been studied over the past 250 years and is considered to be common knowledge, I give no references to specific studies In most cases. The Interested reader may consult Fryer (1991), Steer (Bibb Lambert and Simmer (1 999), and Peters and De Bernard (1987), from which much of the information was taken. A search on the Internet using the term Daphnia or Clamored will also bring up a large body of information. Of particular interest is the Clamored Web page of the university of Gullah in Canada. The reader familiar with Daphnia may skip this chapter and move on to Chapter 3. Daphnia are platonic crustaceans that belong to the Payload (sometimes called Bronchiolar), which are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus. Within the bronchioles, Daphnia belong to the Clamored, whose bodies are enclosed by an unqualified shell (Figures 2. 1 and 2. 2), known as the carapace. It has a double wall, between which hemolytic flows and which Is part of the body cavity. The carapace Is largely made of chitin, a polysaccharide. Clamored have up to 10 pairs of appendages, which are (from front to back): untangles, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming): maxillae: and mandibles; followed by 5 (as in Daphnia) or 6 limbs on the trunk. The limbs form an apparatus for feeding and respiration. At the end of the abdomen is a pair of claws. The body length of Clamored ranges from less than 0. 5 mm to more than 6 mm. Males are distinguished from females by their smaller size, larger untangles, modeled post-abdomen, and first legs, which are armed with a hook used in clasping. It describes basic aspects of individual physiology and nutrition, including some remarks about immunity. It summarizes the typical life cycle and development of references to specific studies in most cases. The interested reader may consult Fryer (1991), Steer (1993), Lambert and Simmer (1999), and Peters and De information. Of particular interest is the Clamored Web page of the University of and which is part of the body cavity. The carapace is largely made of chitin, a to back): untangles, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming); maxillae; modified post-abdomen, and first legs, which are armed with a hook used in clasping.

Other, Another and A Whole Nuther

Other, Another and A Whole Nuther Other, Another and â€Å"A Whole Nuther† Other, Another and â€Å"A Whole Nuther† By Maeve Maddox Joan writes: So often I hear people use the word â€Å"nuther† when they mean â€Å"other†. Like in â€Å"thats a whole nuther story.†How did this happen? First, I don’t think that the word â€Å"nuther/nother† is being substituted for the word â€Å"other† in this expression. Rather, the word â€Å"whole† is being inserted between elements of the word another: a-whole-nother. It could be jocular usage, or it could be an example of metanalysis: The reinterpretation of the form of a word resulting in the creation of a new word; esp. the changing of the boundaries between words or morphological units. Our word apron, for example, used to be napron, but speakers hearing the words â€Å"a napron† thought they were hearing â€Å"an apron.† The same thing happened with auger, adder and umpire. Working in the other direction, what we call a newt used to be an ewt(e). Some speakers may try to correct a whole nuther story to the ungrammatical a whole other story with the result that the latter may become a common usage. As to how it happened A whole nuther/nother story has caught on because people who hear it like it. It also fits the patterns of English speech. The OED, for example, offers several uses of nother, most of them obsolete, but the word has a long history in the language. The Old English word oà ¾er meant â€Å"a second of two.† The merger of an (one) with other is documented from 1225. Another is different from the other: another refers indefinitely to any further member of a series of indeterminate extent. the other points to the remaining determinate member of a known series of two or more. I don’t think a whole nuther belongs in the speech or writing of news announcers or journalists who have a responsibility to adhere to standard usage, but its informal use in conversation doesn’t pain my grammar nerve. On the other hand, as blogger Dan Myers points out, if we use such constructions in jest, they will eventually come out of our mouths in earnest. Whats a Napron? an article of mine that appeared long ago in Highlights for Children. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesProbable vs. PossibleArtist vs. Artisan

How African-Americans have put an end of segregation, discrimination, Research Paper

How African-Americans have put an end of segregation, discrimination, isolation to attain civil rights and equity - Research Paper Example How African-Americans have put an end of segregation, discrimination, isolation to attain civil rights and equity? African Americans transformed their ways of viewing. They decided to cooperate fully in nation building because they knew that they had a duty to play in their nation for them to be considered patriots. They worked hard in school in order to be employed in large companies by the whites and not to be considered irresponsible people to their nations. These helped to improve their situation, as well as, improved their health standards since many people who had decent jobs were relocated to live in lavished houses. Africans remained loyal to the white land owners despite the intimidation and racial discrimination. African Americans were faced with many incidences of violation and intimidation. With this, they sought ways to object and make their wants voiced out. Black Africans formed and supported organizations that dealt with racial issues such as the NAACP, which refers to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which was spearheaded by W.E.B Dubois. Initially in America, women were demeaned and had no control over their husbands, they were subjected to household chores and nurturing children. This took place mainly in the 19th century. This barbaric act came to an end when a woman by the name Chelly Dawance came out protesting against this inhuman act on women, and advocating together with the likes of Kate Chopins and Charlote Pekinns Gilman. For example, in the book written by Kate Pekinns that is narrating her marriage to a black man. She speaks of denied freedom of expression in her house. After their successful strike against stereotyping of women to promote equality between husbands and their wives in marriages, balance was achieved because the people realized that both parents had a collective responsibility in the family planning and in building their country (Meyer, 2001 P. 77). Through this equality, women became entrepreneurs and engaged in trade reducing the high number of people leaving in poverty, therefore, reduci ng the high death rates in youth and old age who usually succumb to illnesses such as malnutrition. Abolishment of slavery, segregation and racism For decades, African Americans fought for their rights because all through they had been subjected to cruel treatment by the whites. Men, women and their families were taken from Africa and brutally chained while ferried to America to work on plantations for years. Jim Crow laws that were enacted between 1876 and 1968 that mandated racial segregation undermined the status of blacks. This demonstrated what they were undergoing by deny of access to many things, which were supposed to be shared by people equally irrespective of the race or colour (Thurber, 2009 P. 93). The Jim Crow originated in the nineteenth century minstrel show song. Step by step, these acts came to be implemented, and the people who subjected African Americans

Social Security System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Security System - Essay Example But there is more to the Social Security System than a mere pension arrangement. The economic gait is that Social Security is a mechanism whose functioning ensures the provision of revenue for disfavored members of the society such as the old, the handicapped, the ill and the unemployed, so as to enable them meet up with basic necessities. Like the Balance of Payment (BOP) and the business cycle, the Social Security System experiences many set backs but there exists a Social Security problem. The interest here is to identify this problem and propose a way of fixing it. It shall therefore be important to view the functioning of the Social Security System then identify the Social Security problem before proposing a possible solution to this problem. In an article entitled 'Solving the Social Security Problem in America', published in his website; Russell Bailyn's Financial Planning Blog, the New York Wealth Manager, states that: 'Social Security is a federal program which provides retirement and disability income to workers through the collection of Social Security taxes. Every worker in the United States is responsible for paying these taxes during their working years and entitled to receiving benefit checks when they are eligible for retirement.' Bailyn's explanation is a perfect illustration of how the Social Security System functions. ... Bailyn further explains that the people who are most concerned with the system are often unaware of it. 'I'm unaware that 12.4% of my paycheck goes towards these taxes, I'm just too far from receiving benefits to worry about it. Perhaps part of that irresponsible logic stems from how the system is organized. Rather than each taxpayer's Social Securitydollars getting earmarked for their own retirement, they get paid into a common pool of money allocated by the federal government. (Bailyn, Russell. 'Solving the Social Security Problem in America'). The Social Security is an 'unjust' system as it the origin of a major problem. The problem of the Social Security lies in its impracticable nature and its tendency towards monetary difficulty. In effect, the problem lies in the fact that for any given economy, if there exists a rapidly increasing ageing population and a small working population, then the amount of money placed in the Social Security fund will not be enough to salvage the problems of both the present and future ageing populations as well as other disfavored sections of the population. In the same line, the system is not a viable one since those who are currently paying their money into the system may later not benefit from it. This is explained by the simple fact that the Social Security system is not like a private bank account where one places his income and later on retrieves it at will. On the contrary, the money one pays into the Social Security is used for the needs of others and if later on the payee is unable to also benefit from the system due to a lack of funds then the system is clearly an unworkable one. 'Perhaps part of that irresponsible logic stems from how the system is

Concept of Culture :: essays research papers

Anthropology introduces culture as a means to perpetuate human existence, because without culture, we would not exist. Individuals are created biologically, while persons are created by social society. Anthropologists firmly believe that our existence is dependent on culture, because culture shapes the social roles people fill on a day to day basis. Without these social roles, people would not know how to express emotions or respond to any given circumstance because we understand everything through culture. Examining any culture requires that you have culture, and people are incapable of escaping the bounds of cultural interpretation to view foreign cultures without bias.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roy Wagner articulates the absolute truth of culture always existing in his novel The Invention of Culture. Humans believe things can be intrinsic to us as a species, however anthropologists argue that most of what is perceived as natural is actually a result of culture. For example, the words used to communicate daily seem natural because people naturally correspond using language, although words and body language must have originated somewhere; they are not inherent to the human race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anthropologists study culture in different ways; some are structuralists such as Rad-Cliffe Brown and Leach, some are cultural relativists, and those like Roy Wagner combine structuralism and cultural relativism to attain their own category as ontologists. Describing categories and universal concepts is important to structuralists. Cultural relativists rely on ethical truths to be relative to a specific culture. Existence rather than analysis of being is what ontologists study. Despite the varying approaches, anthropology teaches people that we are all categorized and live in a sort of order.

Past Year Question Essay

PART A Public Awareness is the Key to Fight Pollution Pollution in the most basic form – littering of rubbish or clogged drains – to that of higher level such as dumping of hazardous waste and illegal logging, is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness, so contends Minister of Natural Resources and Environment. As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialized nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. ‘No amount of law can succeed in deterring people from polluting the environment so long as they are unaware about the adverse consequences of their action,’ he said. ‘Although we have come down hard on the culprits, we can never be satisfied as we keep on raising the bar by benchmarking against developed nations in the likes of Japan, Sweden and New Zealand where every citizen is fully aware of their role in environmental preservation,’ he adds. As for water pollution, once a source of drinking water, many rivers in Malaysia have become dumping grounds for various types of hazardous wastes. Of all natural resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution in this country. In 2006, gypsum, oil and hydrocarbon, dross, heavy metal sludge, mineral sludge and e-waste were the main categories of waste produced in the country. Of the total wastes produced, 110,814 metric tonnes were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd, 9,360 metric tonnes (0.8%) at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and 11,364 metric tonnes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities. Source: Malaysian Business 16/9/2007 QUESTION 1 a) â€Å"As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialised nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with†. Based on your knowledge on the Materials Balance Model, explain this statement. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 b) Water pollution in Malaysia is caused by point and non-point sources. What is the difference between the two? Which classification does the group of water pollution sources mentioned in the last paragraph of the article belong to? (5 marks) What type of pollution control method can be implied from paragraphs 2 and 3 in the article? Describe the method and give an example. (5 marks) â€Å"Pollution †¦ is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness†. Assuming you are an environmental economist, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Elaborate. (5 marks) c) d) e) What is the difference between positive and normative economics? Suggest one sentence in the article that reflects a positive statement. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL PARTB 4 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 QUESTION 1 a) What is sustainable development? Define and illustrate with an example. (5 marks) b) How is green gross domestic product (GDP) different from the traditional GDP? What are the arguments for the use of green GDP as growth indicator? (10 marks) With the help of relevant diagram, explain social welfare in the form of consumer surplus. (10 marks) c) QUESTION 2 a) What is meant by allocative efficiency? Explain. (5 marks) b) How does a deposit-refund system work in controlling domestic solid waste disposal? Explain with the assistance of a diagram. (10 marks) Define deforestation and its causes. Why is accelerated deforestation a concern in many countries? (10 marks) c) QUESTION 3 a) Describe the occurrence of global warming. (5 marks) b) What are the challenges faced by countries in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in their countries? Explain. (10 marks) Explain the efforts done at international level to reduce ozone depletion problem. (10 marks) c)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 4 5 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 a) Market failure can be associated with externalities. Define market failure and externalities. (5 marks) Explain how free-ridership leads to market failure of a public good such as clean air. (10 marks) b) c) Palm oil refineries generate social cost to society in the form of smoke and particles. Explain and model in a diagram the efficient equilibrium for palm oil in the presence of these atmospheric emissions. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly explain the following: a) b) c) d) e) Explicit and implicit environmental costs (5 marks) Coase theorem (5 marks) Environmental Kuznets curve (5 marks) Polluter-Pay-Principle (5 marks) Acid deposition (5 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis - 640 Words

Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, is the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who is responsible for the financial well-being of his entire family, yet experiences an unfortunate metamorphosis into a giant bug. However, while Gregor undergoes a disturbing physical transformation, the family dynamic changes drastically as well. The family’s treatment of Gregor slowly deteriorates from them regarding him as the basis for their financial success and security to regarding him as no more than an extraordinary nuisance that holds them back from a brighter future. On the morning of Gregor’s transformation, each family member noticed his absence and visited his room to inquire about his tardiness in leaving for work. Gregor’s employment was a vital aspect of their existence, so when the chief clerk from Gregor’s employer is sent to investigate the reason for Gregor’s missing the train, his entire family is quick to offer an excuse in his defense. At the sight of the chief clerk, Gregor’s mother blurts out, â€Å"He’s not feeling well† (Kafka, Franz Kafka Metamorphosis and Other Stories), and defends her son by claiming how his job is her son’s primary concern. Once Gregor’s condition is discovered, events take a turn for the worse; the chief clerk flees, and his mother, repulsed at the site of him, retreats, leaving his father to attack and drive him back into his room. Unlike a normal well-adjusted family who would attempt to discover an explanation of the events they had justShow MoreRelatedFranz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story, The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka. My purpose is to explain to my classmates the short story’s goal what Kafka wanted to transmit to people. I want to expand more why this short story is considered one of the best poetic imagination works. In my research I expect to use Kafka’s work, The Metamorphosis as my primary source. Important other sources include essay critiques from different editors, which will help us to understand much more what Franz wanted to expressRead MoreFranz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesto me? he thought.†(Kafka, 495) This quote is from the narrator in Kafka’s tale; The Metamorphosis, when Gregor Samsa wakes up and finds himself turned into a giant insect, and it was apparently not a dream. Gregor was a traveling salesman, he hated his job, but he was forced to stay in that business in order to pay his father’s debts to his boss, and maintain a comfortable lifestyle to his family. Kafka presents the metamorphosis event in an interesting way, when it seemed that Gregor was not shockedRead More Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafkas Metamorphosis The play metamorphosis was written by Franz Kafka but Steven Berkoff produced a theatre adaptation of Metamorphosis in the late 1960’s. Kafka was born 1883, his childhood was most troubling and life hard, as he was a Jew growing up in German culture, also being ignored and alienated is why Kafka could relate to the character Gregor. Kafka had a hard relationship with his Father who would mistreat him and often tell Kafka he was a failure and a disappointmentRead MoreA Summary of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis1244 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Metamorphosis Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis is a chilling story of a man named Gregor, who wakes one morning to find himself transformed into a giant insect. As expected, his family is shocked, but tries to adjust to the situation. However, over time his family comes to reject him and sees his continued existence as a burden. Wishing him dead, his family gets their wish when Gregor finally dies and his loss is then seen as a blessing. Although the author meant this tale to be symbolic of theRead MoreLiterary Structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis724 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of the Structure of The Metamorphosis The structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis establishes it as a kind of inverted, adult fairy-tale, in which regression (rather than progression) of forms occurs, good goes unrewarded and unappreciated, and evil triumphs. The story, of course, is satirical in concept, but the satire is felt chiefly because of the way in which the story stands the concept of the fairy-tale on its head. Gregor, who in a childs story, might progress from bugRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the saddest aspects of Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, concerns the fact that young Gregor Samsa genuinely cares about this family, working hard to support them, even though they do little for themselves. On the surface, Kafkas 1916 novella, seems to be just a tale of Gregor morphing into a cockroach, but, a closer reading with Marx and Engels economic theories in mind, reveals an imposing metaphor that gives the improbable story a great deal of relevan ce to the structure of Read MoreIsolation In Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis1145 Words   |  5 Pageswho chose to be away from their problems in the world. Everyone in the Samsa family has their own reasons of why they chose to be isolated from society. Due to these choices, the entire Samsa family also undergo transformations. The book, Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka , reveals how isolation in the Samsa family really plays apart as to who they are and what they represent in society.   Ã‚   The entire Samsa family portrays their isolation in unique ways. Beginning with Grete, Gregor’s little sister. GreteRead MoreStandards in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesIn Franz Kafka’s story The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa falls victim, to some strange affliction which somehow turns him into a colossal insect of some sort. His bizarre and tragic story takes place in a European apartment in the early twentieth century; a time in which much stock was placed in both etiquette and the appearance of propriety. These standards found throughout the society in which he is placed leads to his ultimate downfall. When Gregor wakes up in his bed to find he has become anRead MoreEssay on Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis604 Words   |  3 Pages In the Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka transforms the main character, Gregor Samsa, into a bug. Kafka chose the bug for several reasons. The bug is a symbol for the life that Gregor has. His life is full of loneliness and emptiness. Furthermore, Kafka wrote this book shortly after the Industrial Revolution. There is a connection between the bug-form of Samsa and the transformation of workers into machines. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman who brings in most of the incomeRead MoreAn Analysis Of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis707 Words   |  3 Pageslife of Jesus Christ and Gregor Samsa reinforce the importance of biblical references to the novel. Author Franz Kafka used biblical allusions throughout The Metamorphosis to emphasize that Gregor’s metamorphosis could only be completed after the apple was lodged in his shell, his sister Grete betrayed him, and his death. A significant symbol that frequently recurred throughout The Metamorphosis is the apple. In biblical context the apple commonly represents the original sin committed by Adam and Eve